Glossary
A
ActiveSync »
ActiveSync is a data synchronization program developed by Microsoft for use with its Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. Originally released under
the name "Handheld PC Explorer" in 1996, it provides users of Microsoft Windows a way to transport documents, calendars, contact lists and email between
their desktop computer and a mobile device, such as a Handheld PC, mobile phone, or any other portable devices that support the ActiveSync protocol.
Antivirus Software »
A computer program designed to detect and respond to malicious software, such as viruses and worms. Responses may include blocking user access
to infected files, cleaning infected files or systems, or informing the user that an infected program was detected.
Anti-spam Software »
To prevent email spam, end users, administrators and service providers of e-mail systems use various anti-spam techniques. None of the
techniques is a complete solution to the spam problem but leveraging an integrated, multi-layer system, users can block up to ninety percent of inbound spam.
Anti-spam techniques can be broken into two broad categories: those that require actions by individuals, and those that can be automated.
B
BlackBerry »
The BlackBerry is a wireless handheld device introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager. The more commonly known smartphone BlackBerry, which supports push
e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and other wireless information services, was released in 2002.
Business Continuity »
Business Continuity is the activity performed by an organization to ensure that critical business functions will be available to customers, suppliers,
regulators, and other entities that must have access to those functions. These activities include many daily chores such as project management,
system backups, change control, and help desk. Business Continuity is not something implemented at the time of a disaster; Business Continuity
refers to those activities performed daily to maintain service, consistency, and recoverability.
C
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D
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E
E-Discovery (Electronic Discovery) »
Electronic discovery, or "e-discovery", refers to discovery in civil litigation which deals with information in electronic form. In this context,
electronic form is the representation of information as binary numbers. Electronic information is different from paper information because of its
intangible form, volume, transience, and persistence. Also, electronic information is usually accompanied by metadata, which is rarely present in
paper information. Electronic discovery poses new challenges and opportunities for attorneys, their clients, technical advisors, and the courts,
as electronic information is collected, reviewed and produced. Electronic discovery is the subject of amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure which are effective December 1, 2006.
Email »
Email is a store-and-forward method of writing, sending, receiving and saving messages over electronic communication systems. The term "e-mail"
(as a noun or verb) applies to the Internet e-mail system based on the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, to network systems based on other
protocols and to various mainframe, minicomputer, or internet by a particular systems vendor, or on the same protocols used on public networks.
Email Archive »
An e-mail archive is a repository kept in a non-production environment to provide secure retention of electronic messages for compliance and
operational purposes. This archive can protect message history and content and provide search and retrieve functions for later reference.
Email Archiving »
To store both inbound and outbound email along with attached files within an organization for compliance, retention and later search and
retrieval of messaging.
F
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) »
FINRA is responsible for regulatory oversight of all securities firms that do business with the public; professional training, testing and
licensing of registered persons; arbitration and mediation; market regulation by contract for The NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc., the American
Stock Exchange LLC, and the International Securities Exchange, LLC; and industry utilities, such as Trade Reporting Facilities and other
over-the-counter operations.
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) »
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) are rules governing civil procedure in United States district (federal) courts, that is,
court procedures for civil suits. The FRCP are promulgated by the United States Supreme Court pursuant to the Rules Enabling Act, and
then approved by the United States Congress.
G
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) »
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, also known as the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act, Pub.L. 106-102, 113 Stat. 1338, enacted
November 12, 1999, is an Act of the United States Congress which repealed part of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, opening up competition among
banks, securities companies and insurance companies. The Glass-Steagall Act prohibited a bank from offering investment, commercial banking,
and insurance services.
H
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) »
HIPAA was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1996. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) website, Title I of HIPAA
protects health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. Title II of HIPAA, known as the
Administrative Simplification (AS) provisions, requires the establishment of national standards for electronic health care transactions and
national identifiers for providers, health insurance plans, and employers.
I
iPhone »
The iPhone is an internet-connected multimedia smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a flush multi-touch screen and a minimal hardware
interface. The device does not have a physical keyboard, so a virtual keyboard is rendered on the touch screen. The iPhone's functions include those
of a camera phone and portable media player (equivalent to the iPod) in addition to text messaging and visual voicemail. It also offers Internet
services including e-mail, web browsing, and local Wi-Fi connectivity.
J
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K
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L
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M
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N
National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) »
The NASD was founded in 1939, in response to the 1938 Maloney Act amendments to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In 1971, NASD launched a
new computerized stock trading system called the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) stock market. The NASDAQ
and AMEX stock exchanges merged in 1998. Two years later, the NASDAQ underwent a major recapitalization and became an independent entity from NASD.
In July 2007, the SEC approved the formation of a new SRO to be a successor to NASD. The NASD and the member regulation, enforcement and arbitration
functions of the New York Stock Exchange were then consolidated into the newly created Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
O
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P
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Q
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R
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S
Software as a Service (SaaS) »
Software as a Service (SaaS, typically pronounced "sass") is a model of software deployment where an application is hosted as a service provided
to customers across the Internet. By eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computer, SaaS alleviates the
customer's burden of software maintenance, ongoing operation, and support. Using SaaS also can conceivably reduce that up-front expense of software
purchases, through less costly, on-demand pricing.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 »
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 and commonly called SOX or
Sarbox, is a United States federal law enacted on July 30, 2002 in response to a number of major corporate and accounting scandals including those
affecting Enron, Tyco International, Adelphia, Peregrine Systems and WorldCom. These scandals, which cost investors billions of dollars when the
share prices of the affected companies collapsed, shook public confidence in the nation's securities markets. Named after sponsors Senator Paul
Sarbanes (D-MD) and Representative Michael G. Oxley (R-OH), the Act was approved by the House by a vote of 334-90 and by the Senate 99-0.
United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) »
The SEC is an independent agency of the United States government which holds primary responsibility for enforcing the federal securities laws
and regulating the securities industry, the nation's stock and options exchanges, and other electronic securities markets. The SEC was created
by section 4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (now codified as 15 U.S.C. § 78d and commonly referred to as the 1934 Act). In addition to
the 1934 Act that created it, the SEC enforces the Securities Act of 1933, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the Investment Company Act of 1940,
the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and other statutes.
SharePoint »
Windows SharePoint Services (WSS) offers collaboration and document management functionality by means of web portals, by providing a centralized
repository for shared documents, as well as browser-based management and administration of them. It allows creation of Document libraries, which
are collections of files that can be shared for collaborative editing. SharePoint provides access control and revision control for documents in a library.
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U
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V
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W
Webmail »
Webmail (or Web-based email) is an email service intended to be primarily accessed via a web browser, as opposed to through an email client. A major
advantage of web-based email over application-based email is that a user has the ability to access their inbox from any Internet-connected computer
around the world.
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Y
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Z
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